GG672 Seminar in Tectonics, Spring 2009

Subduction Geodynamics A seminar-style, literature-based, discussion of the geodynamics of subduction. Instructors: Clint Conrad and Greg Moore Meeting Time: Generally Tuesdays 1:30 to 4:30 PM, but adjustable to accomodate student schedules. Meeting Location: Generally 702 POST, unless otherwise noted. Topics: We will be discussing a variety of processes occurring throughout the subduction zone, including: The Seaward Edge The Accretionary Prism Tectonic Erosion The Seismogenic Zone Shallow Aseismic Slip Great Earthquakes Seismic Tremor and Slow Slip Geodynamics Back-Arc Tectonics Slab Rollback and Trench Motion Water and Volatile Transport The Slab Thermal and Mechanical Structure Bending and Deformation Subduction Factory Andesite and Formation of Continental Crust Geochemistry and Metamorphism Petrology and Mineral Physics Global Tectonics Mantle Tomography and Seismic Anisotropy Mantle Flow and Plate-Driving Forces Subduction and Earth History More Information: A preliminary syllabus can be downloaded here: GG672_syllabus.pdf Class Schedule and Reading List: Please see below for a list of upcoming meeting times. Please be prepared to discuss the assigned readings during the associated class period. Jan. 6, 2009 (Tue, 1:15 PM): Organization Jan. 13, 2009 (Tue, 1:30 PM): Introduction to Arc Systems Assigned Reading: Karig, D.E., Evolution of arc systems in the western Pacific, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 2, 51-75, 1974. [Reprint] Stern, R.J., Subduction Zones, Reviews of Geophysics, 40, 1012, doi:10.1029/2001RG000108, 2002. [Reprint] Jan. 15, 2009 (Thu., 1:30 PM): The Seaward Edge Assigned Reading: von Huene, R., C.R. Ranero, and D.W. Scholl, Convergent margin structure in high-quality geophysical images and current kinematic and dynamic models, Subduction Zone Dynamics, ed. by S. Lallemand and F. Funiciello, Springer-Verlag Berlin, 2009. [Reprint] Jan. 29, 2009 (Thu., 1:30 PM): The Seismogenic Zone Assigned Reading: Hyndman, R.D., The seismogenic zone of subduction thrust faults, in The Seismogenic Zone of Subduction Thrust Faults, ed. by T. Dixon and C. Moore, Columbia University Press, 15-40, 2007. [Reprint] Bilek, S.L., Influence of subducting topography on earthquake rupture, in The Seismogenic Zone of Subduction Thrust Faults, ed. by T. Dixon and C. Moore, Columbia University Press, 123-146, 2007. [Reprint] Feb. 10, 2009 (Tue., 1:30 PM): Great Earthquakes Assigned Reading: McCaffrey, R., Global frequency of magnitude 9 earthquakes, Geology, 36, 263-266, 2008. [Reprint] Lamb, S., Shear stresses on megathrusts: Implications for mountain building behind subduction zones, Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, B07401, doi:10.1029/2005JB003916, 2006. [Reprint] Feb. 24, 2009 (Tue., 1:30 PM): Seismic Tremor and Slow Slip Assigned Reading: Yoshioka, S., M. Toda, and J. Nakajima, Regionality of deep low-frequency earthquakes associated with subduction of the Philippine Sea plate along the Nankai Trough, southwest Japan, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 272, 189-198, 2008. [Reprint] Schwartz, S.Y., and J.M. Rokosky, Slow slip events and seismic tremor at circum-Pacific subduction zones, Reviews of Geophysics, 45, RG3004, doi:10.1029/2006RG000208, 2007. [Reprint] Mar. 3, 2009 (Tue., 1:30 PM): The Thermal and Mechanical Structure of the Slab Assigned Reading: Abers, G.A., P.E. van Keken, E.A. Kneller, A. Ferris, and J.C. Stachnik, The thermal structure of subduction zones constrained by seismic imaging: Implications for slab dehydration and wedge flow, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 241, 387-397, 2006. [Reprint] Brudzinski, M.R., C.H. Thurber, B.R. Hacker, and E.R. Engdahl, Global prevalence of double Benioff zones, Science, 316, 1472-1474, 2007. [Reprint] Mar. 17, 2009 (Tue., 1:30 PM): Subduction Initiation and Slab Deformation Assigned Reading: Billen, M.I., Modeling the dynamics of subducting slabs, Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Science, 36, 325-356, 2008. [Reprint] Gurnis, M., C. Hall, and L. Lavier, Evolving force balance during incipient subduction, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 5, Q07001, doi:10.1029/2003GC000681, 2004. [Reprint] Mar. 24, 2009 (Tue., 1:30 PM): Subduction Factory: Andesite & Formation of Continental Crust Assigned Reading: Tatsumi, Y.,Making continental crust: The sanukitoid connection, Chinese Science Bulletin, 53, 1620-1633, 2008. [Reprint] Tatsumi., Y, and T. Takahashi, Operation of subduction factory and production of andesite, Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 101, 145-153, 2006. [Reprint] Mar. 27, 2009 (Fri., 1:30 PM): Subduction Factory: Geochemistry & Metamorphism Assigned Reading: Agard, P., P. Yamato, L. Jolivet, and E. Burov, Exhumation of oceanic blueschists and eclogites in subduction zones: Timing and mechanisms, Earth-Science Reviews, 92, 53-79, 2009. [Reprint] Ernst, W.G., Alpine and Pacific styles of Phanerozoic mountain building: subduction-zone petrogenesis of continental crust, Terra Nova, 17, 165-188, 2005. [Reprint] Apr. 2, 2009 (Thu., 1:30 PM): Subduction Factory: Petrology & Mineral Physics Assigned Reading: Poli, S., and M.W. Schmidt, Petrology of Subducted Slabs, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 30,, 207-235, 2002. [Reprint] Karato, S.-i., M.R. Riedel, and D. Yuen, Rheological structure and deformation of subducted slabs in the mantle transition zone: implications for mantle circulation and deep earthquakes, Phys. Earth Planet. Int, 127, 83-108, 2001. [Reprint] Apr. 7, 2009 (Tue., 1:30 PM): Geodynamics: Water and Volatile Transport Assigned Reading: Hacker, B.R., H2O subduction beyond arcs, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 9,, Q03001, doi:10.1029/2007GC001707, 2008. [Reprint] Shaw, A.M., D.R. Hilton, T.P. Fischer, J.A. Walker, and G.E. Alvarado, Contrasting He-C relationships in Nicaragua and Costa Rica: insights into C cycling through subduction zones, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 214, 499-513, 2003. [Reprint] Apr. 9, 2009 (Thu., 1:30 PM): Geodynamics: Back-Arc Tectonics Assigned Reading: Martinez, F., and B. Taylor, Modes of crustal accretion in Back-Arc Basins: Inferences from the Lau Basin, Geophysical Monograph Series, 166,, 5-30, 2006. [Reprint] NOTE: We will only be discussing sections 1 and 2. Heuret, A., and S. Lallemand, Plate motions, slab dynamics, and back-arc deformation, Phys. Earth Planet. Int, 149, 31-51, 2005. [Reprint] Sdrolias, M., and R.D. Muller, Controls on back-arc basin formation, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 7, Q04016, doi:10.1029/2005GC001090, 2006. [Reprint] Apr. 14, 2009 (Tue., 1:30 PM): Global Tectonics: Subduction and Earth History Assigned Reading: Collins, W.J., Slab pull, mantle convection, and Pangaean assembly and dispersal, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 205, 225-237, 2003. [Reprint] Cawood, P.A., A. Kroner, and S. Pisarevsky, Precambrian plate tectonics: Criteria and evidence, GSA Today, 16, 4-11, 2006. [Reprint] O'Neill, C., A. Lenardic, L. Moresi, T.H. Torsvik, and C.-T.A. Lee, Episodic Precambrian subduction, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 262, 552-562, 2007. [Reprint] Apr. 23, 2009 (Thu., 1:30 PM): Global Tectonics: Mantle Tomography and Seismic Anisotropy Assigned Reading: Behn, M.D., G. Hirth, and P.B. Keleman, Trench-parallel anisotropy produced by foundering of arc lower crust, Science, 317, 108-111, 2007. [Reprint] Long, M.D.,and P.G. Silver, The subduction zone flow field from seismic anisotropy: A global view, Science, 319, 315-318, 2008. [Reprint] Fukao, Y., M. Obayashi, T. Nakakuki, and the Deep Slab Project Group, Stagnant slab: A review, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 37, 10.1-10.27, 2009. [Reprint] Apr. 28, 2009 (Tue., 1:30 PM): Global Tectonics: Mantle Flow and Plate-Driving Forces Assigned Reading: Capitanio, F.A., G. Morra, and S. Goes, Dynamics of plate bending at the trench and slab-plate coupling, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 7, Q04002, doi:10.1029/2008GC002348, 2009. [Reprint] Kellogg, L.H., B.H. Hager, and R.D. van der Hilst,Compositional stratification in the deep mantle, Science, 283, 1881-1884, 1999. [Reprint] May 5, 2009 (Tue., 1:30 PM): Geodynamics: Slab Rollback and Trench Motion Assigned Reading: Funiciello, F., C. Faccenna, A. Heuret, S. Lallemand, E. Di Giuseppe, and T.W. Becker, Trench migration, net rotation, and slab-mantle coupling, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 271, 233-240, 2008. [Reprint] Schellart, W.P., D.R. Stegman, and J. Freeman, Global trench migration velocities and slab migration induced upper mantle volume fluxes: Constraints to find an Earth reference frame based on minimizing viscous dissipation, Earth-Science Reviews, 88, 118-144, 2008. [Reprint]